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| == Main Info==
| | #REDIRECT [[Photon Combiner]] |
| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !Item
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| !Output
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| !Cost
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| !Description
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| |-
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| |[[File:Icon_Solar_Sail.png|link=Solar_Sail]]
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| |1 sail in swarm
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| 36 kW
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| | with rare ores:
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| 50 ores, 80MJ per 1MW
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| |Sails in Dyson Swarm will expire after some time, based on corresponding research (min. 1.5 hours)
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| The number of sails in swarm is not limited
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| For comparison, Solar panels cost 150 ores, 130MJ per 1MW
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| |-
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| |[[File:Icon_Small_Carrier_Rocket.png|link=Small_Carrier_Rocket]]
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| | 1 structure point
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| 96 kW
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| | with rare ores:
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| 3500 ores, 5800MJ per 1MW
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| | Each node in Dyson Sphere gives 30 max structure points
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| Frames between nodes gives max structure points based on their length
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| |-
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| |[[File:Icon_Solar_Sail.png|link=Solar_Sail]]
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| | 1 cell point
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| 15 kW
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| |with rare ores:
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| 120 ores, 200MJ per 1MW
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| |Shells in Dyson Sphere, placed in closed frame shapes, give max cell points based on their area
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| Each Node which have at least 1 built structure point may consume 30 sails per minute from the swarm to fill nearby shells
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| |-
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| |[[File:Icon_Ray_Receiver.png|link=Ray_Receiver]]
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| |6~15MW
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| |with no Ray Transmission Efficiency research:
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| takes ~333% of produced energy from Dyson
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| with Ray Transmission Efficiency 3 (up to yellow science) researched:
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| takes ~204% of produced energy from Dyson
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| |Used to transport energy from Dyson Swarm and Dyson Sphere to the nearbly planets
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| The power they consume from Dyson is 2-3 times higher then the power they produce (lowered by research)
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| May consume [[Graviton Lens]] to double its power (useless for 15MW energy transfer) (research required)
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| May produce [[Critical Photon|Critical Photons]] instead of electricity, greatly increasing power to 120MW (research required)
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| |}
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| == The late game and the very late game ==
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| To reach terawatts of Dyson energy output required for leaderboards, pro players have to take more things in consideration.
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| Common yellow stars, with 1x luminosity multiplier get replaced with the best of blue ones, with 2.5L.
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| The Dyson Swarm becomes less useful after days of playtime, because of its limited lifespan.
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| The Dyson Shell is a better long term energy source than a Dyson Swarm, as frames and sails absorbed by the sphere remain forever.
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| But even they need a rebuild: default triangle grid gives 15% less power than the crossed triangle grid (drawing triangles on 6-tris hexagons, so each triangle is just 3 trin and not 4).
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| But even they need a rebuild: crossed triangle grid gives 15% less power than the perfect grid with lesser triangles could (you can disable grid by choosing it twice).
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| The best stars to produce power, the Blue Giants, become a necessity. With a perfect frame grid on 10 layers it gives 12TW.
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| The more of them, the better. Best seeds have 3 Blue Giants, resulting in 35TW total production.
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| Note that while the game's optimization of Dyson Sphere elements continues to improve over time, players should expect an increase in RAM usage and a decrease in game performance (lower FPS/UPS) as the number of sails/frames/shells increases.
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| ==In the real world==
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| A Dyson Sphere is a hypothetical megastructure that completely encompasses a star and captures a large percentage of its power output. The first appearance of a Dyson Sphere is in the 1937 Science Fiction novel ''Star Maker'' by Olaf Stapledon. This book inspired physicist and mathematician Freeman Dyson to formalize the concept in a 1960 paper "Search for Artificial Stellar Source of Infra-Red Radiation", published in the journal ''Science''. There is no known real-world example of a Dyson Sphere - the sheer quantity of resources and technological advancements required to achieve one can only be dreamed of by the human race, for now.
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| In {{abbr|Dyson Sphere Program|DSP}}, the player's goal is to construct a Dyson Sphere, though there are indications in pre-release footage that it may be possible to stop at a partial sphere, as well as construct more than one layer of sphere. It is also expected that players will be able to construct Dyson Spheres around multiple different stars in the same save.
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| ==In the game==
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| In Dyson Sphere Program, constructing a Dyson Sphere is one of the primary goals for "completion" (though the game cannot really be completed, as you can continue playing after researching all technologies and building a complete Dyson Sphere). Building a Dyson Sphere takes a few stages:
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| ===The Dyson Swarm===
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| Players typically start testing their ability to build a Dyson Sphere by first launching several [[Solar Sail|Solar Sails]] into a Dyson Swarm, which is an orbital ring around the host star of a loose collection of Solar Sails. They do not link up to one another, instead working independently to provide energy. At any orbit radius each solar sail in a Dyson Swarm provides a base 36 kW of power, which is then scaled by the star's luminosity. Solar sails are inexpensive to manufacture so can be launched in the thousands. However, the player will soon realize that Solar Sails have a lifespan after which they disappear. The base lifespan is 5400 seconds (1.5 hours), which can be upgraded to a maximum of 9000 seconds (2.5 hours) with the Solar Sail Life upgrades. Thus, the maximum power obtainable from a Dyson Swarm is dependent upon how many solar sails the player can manufacture and fire, per solar sail lifespan, on a continuous basis.
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| An additional hindrance to maintaining a Dyson Swarm is that the [[EM-Rail Ejector|EM-Rail Ejectors]] used to fire the Solar Sails require a line of sight to the target orbit. This can become more difficult to achieve depending upon how many EM-Rail Ejectors the player constructs, whether their planet has a significant axial tilt, where on the planet the EM-Rails are placed, and whether there is a [[Gas Giant]] host planet in the way to block their view on occasion.
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| === The Dyson Shell===
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| The next phase of building a Dyson Sphere is the Dyson Shell. A Dyson Shell requires additional technologies to unlock - they are comprised not just of [[Solar Sail|Solar Sails]], but also [[Dyson Sphere Component|Dyson Sphere Components]]. The player defines the location of Nodes and, for Nodes within a certain distance of each other, Frame segments to connect them. When enough Frame segments are defined such that an enclosed area is defined, that area can be designated as a Dyson Shell. This area can have any shape, it does not need to be a proper polygon, though guidelines are available in the Editor for rectangular and triangular shapes.
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| Once the Nodes and/or Frame are defined, the player then uses a [[Vertical Launching Silo]] to fire a number of [[Small Carrier Rocket|Small Carrier Rockets]] to construct the frame. These rockets can be considerably difficult to make in large quantities, depending on the player's industrial setup.
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| As soon as any Frame segment is put in place, the frame itself can begin to generate power, even before it is completed. Once all Frames encompassing a defined Shell are completed, it will draw any Solar Sails from nearby Dyson Swarms into the Shell to create a hexagonal-lattice panel between the frame segments. The Solar Sails' energy output is combined with that of the Frame segments, and the lifespan limitation of Solar Sails in a Swarm is negated - they last forever once placed in a Shell.
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| ===Deconstructing===
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| It is possible to deconstruct a Dyson Shell, at any stage of its construction. Take note, however, that doing so will not return all of the materials to the player. All Solar Sails that were absorbed into the Shell from a Dyson Swarm will be jettisoned back into space, immediately beginning their Lifespan countdown timer again. If left alone, they will spread out into an orbital ring. The Frame segments that were constructed of Small Carrier Rockets are converted into Solar Sails upon deconstruction, and these too join the new Swarm and get a lifespan timer. No Frame segments or Small Carrier Rockets will be returned to the player.
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| ==Mathematics==
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| {{Note Box|The information below is accurate as far as the assumptions made during the observations. Recent testing indicates that the mathematical "story" may be different than outlined below, and that the numbers merely lined up out of happenstance. This section will be updated once further testing has established the proper mathematical relationships.}}
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| ==TL;DR==
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| Based off the data accumulated below, a structure point generates 96 KW, a cell point generates 15 KW and a solar sail generates 36 KW. Times the system's luminosity.
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| '''NO MATTER HOW FAR AWAY FROM THE STAR'''
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| Thus the power formula for a completed Dyson Sphere is as follow:
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| LUMINOSITY * 4 * π * (RADIUS * 0.0191) ^ 2 * (15 + 96 * STRUCTURE_POINT_PER_CELL_POINT), in KW
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| or for a general case
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| LUMINOSITY * 4 * π * (RADIUS * 0.0191) ^ 2 * (15 + 96 * 0.08), in KW
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| Spheres around the same star do not block each other, the best single system power output is to find the brightest star and build the 10 largest spheres possible around that single star.
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| == Maximum Dyson sphere radius ==
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| While the energy output of a sphere depends on the star's luminosity, the maximum energy output of a star depends much more on the largest possible Dyson sphere radius. It is possible to build up to 10 spheres around the same star. Additionally, spheres cannot be closer than 1000 units. This means that for a maxed out system total power is proportional to:
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| (MAX_RADIUS * 0.0191) ^ 2 + (MAX_RADIUS * 0.0191 - 19.1) ^ 2 + (MAX_RADIUS * 0.0191 - 38.2) ^ 2 +... = (10 * MAX_RADIUS ^ 2 - 90000 * MAX_RADIUS + 285000000) * 0.0191 ^ 2
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| Substituting into the equation before,
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| MAX_POWER = LUMINOSITY * 4 * π * (10 * MAX_RADIUS ^ 2 - 90000 * MAX_RADIUS + 285000000) * 0.0191 ^ 2 * (15 + 96 * 0.08) kW for a general case
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| Here are some measured values from two separate seeds:
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| {| class="wikitable sortable"
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| !Mass
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| !Luminosity
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| !Radius
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| !Type
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| !Max sphere radius
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| !Max power for a general case, TW
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| |-
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| |0.608
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| |0.891
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| |0.86
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| |M
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| |19100
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| |0.205
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| |-
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| |0.955
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| |0.989
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| |1.05
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| |G
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| |21900
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| |0.320
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| |-
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| |0.991
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| |0.998
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| |1.00
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| |G
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| |22200
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| |0.334
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| |-
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| |0.434
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| |0.358
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| |0.26
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| |White dwarf
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| |23900
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| |0.143
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| |-
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| |45.658
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| |0.175
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| |3.62
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| |Black hole
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| |55300
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| |0.471
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| |-
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| |14.616
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| |1.858
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| |3.06
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| |B
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| |59900
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| |5.945
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| |-
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| |0.403
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| |0.929
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| |16.79
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| |M, giant
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| |60600
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| |3.048
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| |-
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| |94.557
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| |0.197
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| |3.79
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| |Black hole
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| |61800
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| |0.674
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| |-
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| |49.419
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| |2.462
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| |4.36
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| |O
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| |74400
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| |12.528
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| |-
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| |16.88
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| |2.196
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| |12.97
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| |B, giant
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| |199500
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| |86.839
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| |-
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| |26.636
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| |2.44
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| |13.33
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| |O, giant
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| |216600
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| |114.149
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| |-
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| |26.798
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| |2.443
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| |17.04
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| |O, giant
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| |216800
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| |114.505
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| |}
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| While it's difficult to make any concrete rules, we can see a general trend of maximum sphere radius correlating to mass and spectral class. More importantly, the maximum sphere radius increases by a factor of around 3 when the star is a giant, resulting in a huge increase in power output.
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| These results also imply that the best way to get a power production record is not to play on seeds with 10 O-type stars, but instead to look for seeds with multiple high-luminosity giants.
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| ==Preliminary testing==
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| Preliminary testing indicates that certain mathematical rules apply to Dyson Shells as expected, while others do not, or apply in the opposite way as expected based on real-world physics (yet in a way that makes sense for a video game)
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| For this discussion, certain assumptions must be made based on observations in the editor:
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| :A given frame segment in the editor covers the same radial arc, regardless of distance from the star.
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| This can be determined by counting the total number of large-grid segments defined in the editor (in 'square' mode). Regardless of the distance from the star, there are 24 such grids around the equator. This means that we can mathematically compare a 5x5 frame at different distances from the sun, to achieve some formulas.
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| With this in mind, a single 5x5 frame segment was actually constructed at each of two distances, for testing:
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| 10,000m radius (default for Shell 1), 5x5 square equatorial frame:
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| * Frame Materials: 440
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| * Solar Sails to fill: 2,442
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| *Power Generation: ~78.8 MW
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| 5,000m radius, 5x5 square equatorial frame:
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| *Frame Materials: 280
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| *Solar Sails to fill: 626
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| *Power Generation: ~36.2 MW
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| ===Solar Sail Cost===
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| At 10,000 meter radius, it cost 2,442 solar sails to fill the panel. The similar 5x5 panel at 5,000 meter radius cost 626 solar sails to fill the panel. Because this amount is covering an area, the mathematical rule that Area increases with the Square of the Distance comes into play. The distance was doubled, so the Area should be quadrupled. 2,442 / 626 = 3.9, which is close enough to 4 to account for deviations based on distance from the equator.
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| Assertion: Solar Sail cost increases as the square of the distance.
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| ===Frame Materials (Rockets)===
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| It takes 30 Rockets (Frame materials) to build each Node. Each of these panels was square, so 4 nodes, or 120 rockets for the nodes. This part is not variable. For the 10,000m frame, we are left with (440 - 120) = 320 Rockets for 4 roughly equal-length frame segments, or 80 rockets each.
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| A 5x5 frame segment is 1/24th the circumference of the sphere. At 10,000m, this is (10,000 * 2 * pi) / 24 = 2,618 meters in length. 2,618 meters, divided by 80 rockets, is 32.725 meters per Rocket (or 1 Rocket for every 32.725 meters, if you prefer).
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| To verify this, at 5,000 meters, remove the 120 rockets for the nodes to get 280 - 120 = 160 rockets for the 4 frame segments, or 40 rockets each. The 5x5 frame is still 1/24th of the circumference, so (5,000 * 2 * pi) / 24 = 1,309 meters in length. 1,309 meters, divided by 40 rockets, is again 32.725 meters in length. Therefore, at half the radius, half the number of rockets are needed for a frame segment, <em>after accounting for the static number of rockets in the nodes</em>.
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| Assertion: Regardless of the distance from the sun, frames cost 30 rockets per Node, plus 1 rocket for every 32.725 meters of frame segment length.
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| === Power Output===
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| Finally, let's take a look at the Power output. Before we begin, we must observe that before any solar sails are ever launched into orbit for a Frame, the frame itself generates power. One can presume this is the result of the frame having solar sails in its construction recipe.
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| Unfortunately, this author did not record observations of the power output of frame segments during construction, and so cannot presently derive their effects on the total power output. Suffice it to say, that the solar sails at half the distance appear to be generating approximately half the power. (this is the only part of the math here that goes against the expectation from real world physics - the same radial area is covered, so the same amount of energy should be captured, if not <em>higher</em> energy captured at closer distances. However, in video game terms, it makes sense to have a cost vs benefit of constructing closer to the sun.)
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| ==Math follow-up from another player ==
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| After reading that the last author forgot to record observations for the power output of the frame itself, I decided to do just that. Here is what I found...PS, feel free to use/edit my contribution to sound more coherent with the rest of the page.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |Star Type
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| |Luminosity
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| | Orbit Radius (m)
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| |Total # of Frame Parts Used
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| |Total Power Output (MW)
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| |MW per frame part = (power output / luminosity) / # of parts used )
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| |-
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| |M-type
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| | 0.863
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| |18500
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| |1000
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| |82.8
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| |0.09594438007
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| |-
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| | K-type
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| | 0.896
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| |19200
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| |1080
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| |92.8
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| |0.0958994709
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| |-
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| |F-type
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| |1.089
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| |19700
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| |1080
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| |112
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| |0.09522837806
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| |-
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| |Neutron
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| |0.655
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| |22900
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| | 1240
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| | 77.8
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| |0.09578921448
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| |-
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| |Black Hole
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| |0.185
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| |22900
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| |1240
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| |22
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| | 0.09590235397
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| |-
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| | O-type
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| | 2.165
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| |22900
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| |1240
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| |257
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| |0.09573120763
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| |-
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| |Red Giant
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| | 1.002
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| |22900
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| |1240
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| | 119
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| |0.09577618956
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| |-
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| |G-type
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| |1.01
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| | 22900
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| | 1240
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| |120
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| | 0.09581603322
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| |-
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| |A-type
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| |1.308
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| |22900
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| |1240
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| |155
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| |0.09556574924
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| |-
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| |B-type
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| |1.651
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| |22900
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| |1240
| |
| |196
| |
| |0.09573865302
| |
| |}
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| ====== Method and things to mention======
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| First, I want to mention that I did not think to measure the output of the nodes vs segments, so for these values it is looking at total # frame parts used. The frames observed were a circle at the top of the sphere with 4 nodes and segments going around to connect them. I did my best to keep the radius the same for all data points but some stars would not allow for the 22900m and I was forced to use a smaller radius on some stars, so feel free to throw out those data points if necessary.
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| ======Findings======
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| As you can see by the table, each part launched into the frame produces a base output of roughly 0.096MW or 96kW. It is then multiplied by the luminosity of the star to get it's actual output after being launched.
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| As I set out to find some constant that represented the power output per frame part I did not know if distance mattered to it's output either. I had thought that the radius only changed how many parts were needed for that particular structure and that my calculations would show that the radius was moot for this experiment. However, even though I was pleased to see that the equation I used seemed to find that constant regardless of the distance, I hadn't started recording the radius at the time of setting up the frames and I accidentally had one (on the K-type star) at 19200m and another (the F-type star) at 19700m. These two data points are somewhat anomalous as they suggest there may be some range for the radius vs # of frames that make up the segments between the nodes (because they are at different distances but use the same # of frames) and that the power output may change slightly depending on where the frame sits within that range (because the MW/frame part rounds down to 95kW instead of 96kW like all the rest).
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| ======Conclusion======
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| I know a lot more could be done to show more helpful information like "what radius should I build at to get exactly 5GW of power" but maybe this, coupled with the previous author's information, can help you understand the games mechanics just a bit more.
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| ==Another math example==
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| I might have found a quite simple formula to calculate the power output of any Dyson-Shell without filling, meaning only parts shipped by small cargo rockets. Around a F-type Star with ~1.6L luminosity, i had 250 delivered parts and an output of 40MW. By simple division i come to the following formula:
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| Output = P * L * 100kW ;
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| P being the number of delivered parts (visible in any rocket silo screen of the system);
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| L being the luminosity of the star.
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| As for Solar Sails, I presume (!!!) the formula is similar, but with 36kW instead of 100kW. Might need checking.
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| ==Frame energy output formula==
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| This formula for energy output works reasonably well for Dyson-Shells with only structure points and no solar sails.
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| '''Energy Output = Total structure pts * Star luminosity * 95.7'''
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| Example:
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| Total structure pts: 300 (short frame segment)
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| Star luminosity: 1.924
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| Energy = 300 * 1.924 * 95.7 = 55238.04 kW (55.2 MW)<!--Please do not declare that information was obtained via inspecting the source code -- the DSPWiki team cooperates closely with publishers to gather some information when needed, and we prefer not to muddy that partnership by indicating we've decompiled the game. --DSPWiki Manager. --><!--
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| ====== From first code inspection (Note: this is a draft of a explanation) ======
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| All the energy and power values are proportional to the luminosity of the star, therefore, in the following they are all given in the case of a 1L star.
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| From a quick code inspection, the energy generated by tick (60 ticks per second as far as I know) by the Dyson Swarm is the product of the number of sails by a constant egal by default to 400. This would lead to 24kW per sail if the unit of the afford mention constant is Joule per tick.
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| For the Dyson Sphere, it is not that much more complicated.
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| Each node generates energy proportional to the amount of structures installed on the node. The constant is 1500 by default. Assuming the above units, 60 ticks per second and 90 structures per completed nodes, each fully built node would generate 8.1MW.
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| Then each frame generates power too. It is calculated the same as for the nodes. So each structure sent in space generates 90kW (1500 * 60). Note the the constant used for nodes and frames have the same value by default, but in the codes, they are two distinct constants.
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| Then each sails generates power. The calculation is also proportional to the number of solar sails present in the construction. The constant is 300 energy per tick. With the same assumption as above, the power per solar sail generated would be 18kW which is less than in the swarm.
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| In conclusion, the power generated is proportional to the amount of structures and solar sails present in the Dyson Sphere as it was suspected from the above sections. Therefore it is expected that the bigger the Dyson Sphere the more power it would generate.
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| Further code inspection could lead to the complete understanding of the Dyson sphere power computation. But I can understand that some people would prefer to make more "conventional" research and that direct code inspection could spoil that fun. So should I continue and extend this post with more information?
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| -->
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| {{DSP Navbox}}
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| [[Category:Astronomical Objects]]
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